Greetings,
To answer question 1, the 30-06 is a modification of the 30-03 cartridge adopted in 1903 in the 03 Springfield. The 03 had a longer case and a 220 grain round nose projectile. It was obsolete before introduction as most world armies were moving to spitzer projectiles. The 06 cartridge had a 150 grain projectile which had inferior range to most other cartridges used in WW1, especially for long range machine gun barrages. It soldiered on however until replaced by the 7.62x51 aka .308. As a hunting cartridge however it was very popular especially in the US but also NZ although outsold by the .308 today.
Enough trivia, there is more.
Regards Grandpamac.
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