OK, here goes. any "whip" antenna directs signal through 360 degrees so you transmit in all directions when you do. so obviously more power = more range. but in no way expect 5X more range from 5x more power.
Cell phones are just that, they transmit to a repeater, go through how many cells as possible then end up at the final destination. if either end is out of cell coverage or any cell in between fails you are stuffed.
Buy a decent marine radio ! get in properly installed including an SWR test. anything less is stupid. You might have spent 30k on your boat, 1k on life vests etc then to depend on a piece of junk radio is ridiculous.
Pretty much out at sea everything is line of sight as there are bugger all hard surfaces to bounce radio waves off.
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