Despite my user name I tend to memorise a map and go with a copy of the map in my bag as a backup along with a compass. I tend to navigate by time and the lay of the land using a few landmarks on the way. Quite handy that I can convert the contour lines on a map to a 3D image in my head to triangulate peaks and get a reasonable fix of where I am.
I'll often take a GPS but really only use it as a gadget to keep me occupied in camp.
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