You can use a long action for a short cartridge, tikka t3s only have a long action and just use a spacer in the magazine for shorter rounds.
My Howa .223 uses a standard length action and just has a magazine spacer to hold the cartridges forward, fully retracted the bolt face goes about an inch past the case heads in the magazine.
As for a single shot I think the only issue, provided you have enough material in the chamber for reaming out to a fatter cartridge, would be getting the extractor to work with the larger case head.
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