Max load is what the book says and some rifles will be ready to pop at or a little above the book starting load. I don't think reading pressure signs is optional. I'm not arguing for or against hot loads, I am just saying you are always in the dark and everyone needs to keep an eye on these things.
Brass strain makes a pretty decent pressure gauge. This is a metallurgical question. Pressure creates stress, which leads to strain. You should see strain in the brass at predictable pressures. As you say, you will wreck your brass at max loadings.
I am not convinced anyone knows what "max" is before they start the process.
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