For me scrubbs cloudy ammonia from the supermarket is the quickest and easiest. If the fouling is heavy with carbon as well mixing it with chalk dust does the trick as its a super mild abrasive. Patch soaked in that comes out blue instantly. Dont use a brass or ali jag, stainless only, and i follow up with a meths wipe before oiling. From an ex chemists viewpoint ammonia is the most efficent copper dissolver, the amine based ones were introduced as they smell less but the trade off is less activity. Regarding rust as long as the ph is high steel wont rust, ammonia is strongly alkaline but will evapourate leaving water behind, so if the metals not properly dry thats when rusting can start. Using meths pulls all the water out before oiling
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